Commentary: Psych Unit Gangs- An Autoethnography
DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2024/3.1326 View / Download PdfKathryn Burrows
National Coalition of Independent Scholars, Portland, Oregon, USA
Psychophysiological factors are not directly associated to Heart Rate Variability in Athletes: A Meta-Analysis
Henrique M. Lapo1, Mara Patrícia T. Chacon-Mikahil1,2, Amanda V. Sardeli1,2,3*
1Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Scholl of Physical Education, University of Campinas SP, Brazil
2Gerontology Program – Scholl of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
3Department of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Objective: Although heart rate variability (HRV) has been a useful and accessible tool to monitor recovery from athletes’ training, it is not clear if it reflects changes in psychophysiological factors. The aim of these study is to identify, through a systematic review and meta-analyses, whether the psychophysiological factors are associated with alteration in heart rate variability (HRV) in sports.
Methods: We searched in four databases (PubMed; Scopus; Cochrane; Web of Science) for studies assessing the association of root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD) with a variety of psychophysiological outcomes in athletes of any modality.
Results: After initial search, we selected 12 studies with 27 study arms for analysis. First, we combined 19 study arms in a meta-analysis testing the correlation between HRV and the psychophysiological factors at baseline (Meta 1). Second, we combined 9 study arms in a meta-analysis testing the correlation between HRV and changes in psychophysiological factors within a training period (Meta 2). We analyzed the following psychophysiological factors: stress, sleep deprivation, fatigue, muscular soreness, mood, and hormonal changes (cortisol). summary, there was no significant association between the HRV and the psychophysiological factors in both meta-analyses (Meta 1: r = 0.084, P = 0.167; I² = 20%, P-value for heterogeneity = 0.215; and Meta 2: r = 0.268, P = 0.131, I² = 65.2%, P-value for heterogeneity = 0.003).
Conclusion: We were not able to confirm the association between HRV and any psychophysiological factors by meta-analysis, but it could be due to inherent limitations of this type of analyses. To test whether this associations truly exist, future meta-analysis will need to include studies with much larger sample size and standardize the methods between studies to reduce heterogeneity. Longitudinal studies will be fundamental to understand the causal relationship between these factors to ultimately improve training monitoring tools for better recovery in athletes.
DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2024/3.1323 View / Download PdfChildhood sexual abuse as a predictor of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A meta-analysis
Marcelo Nvo-Fernández1*, Valentina Miño-Reyes1, Gastón González-Cabeza2, Sofia Gálvez-Cienfuegos1, Martina Ignacia C.C2
1Laboratory of Methodology, Behavioural Sciences and Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
2Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
Sexual abuse, especially when it occurs during childhood, is an experience that causes deep and lasting harm. Currently, its study as a risk factor for the development of trauma-related pathologies is of great relevance. In 2018, Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) was officially recognized as a distinct syndrome in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), with the aim of distinguishing it from neurotic disorders secondary to stressful situations, somatoform disorders, and those specifically associated with stress. The inclusion of CPTSD in the ICD-11 marked the culmination of two decades of research dedicated to understanding its symptoms, treatments, and risk factors. This article aims to conduct a meta-analysis that explores the relationship between sexual abuse and the development of CPTSD. Fifteen studies were selected for analysis, and the results revealed several key risk factors associated with the development of CPTSD, with the primary one being childhood sexual abuse (k = 15; OR = 3.007).
DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2024/3.1324 View / Download PdfMood Disorders and Rapid Screening: A Brief Review
Helene Vossos1*, Ozioma Nwosu-Izevbekhai2
1Associate Professor of Nursing, PMHNP Program Coordinator, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
2Assistant Professor in Residence, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Objective: The purpose of this manuscript is for readers to understand the differences between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders. Readers will be able to apply evidence-based screening tools to differentiate in the diagnosis of bipolar versus unipolar depressive disorders. The goal is to increase diagnostic accuracy of mood disorders with the opportunity to provide treatment that will lead to improved patient outcomes.
Method: Review of literature discovered 13 articles that were pertinent with three major themes. One theme showed up to 62% of bipolar disorder cases were missed or undiagnosed upon the first evaluation, second theme showed 7% to 70% of individuals were misdiagnosed with adverse outcomes and third theme discovered the importance of specialty psychiatric training, education and the use of evidence-based screening tools combined with clinical judgement improved the accuracy of the correct mood disorder diagnosis.
Findings: In mood disorders, if left untreated or misdiagnosis occurs, the risk of suicide is higher (29.2%) in bipolar affective disorder, versus unipolar major depressive disorder (17.3%).
Implications for clinical practice: Recommendation for the use of evidence-based screening tools are clinical best practices for screening and diagnosing bipolar affective disorders with a statistical significance of 95%. Misdiagnosis is common up to 70% and the implications of timely rapid assessments allow for prompt interventions that has shown to halt and/or prevent mental health conditions to worsen, reducing risk of emergency situations.
DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2024/2.1314 View / Download PdfAdolescents' Participation in Drug Addiction Interventions, Individual Perceptions, and Attitudes towards Recovery: A Scoping Review
Anthony Ezerioha1, Masoud Mohammadnezhad2*
1School of Allied Health and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Angelia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
2Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
Introduction: Adolescents recovering from substance use problems face significant psycho-social challenges. These challenges can affect their recovery progress, overall well-being, and integration into the society. Due to paucity studies, this study aimed to identify the perceptions and attitude towards recovery among adolescents participating in drug addiction interventions.
Methods: This systematic review study applied a complete search of relevant databases, including Scopus, Embase, Cinahl, and PubMed/Medline using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was limited to articles published in English language, between 2013 and 2023, and focused on adolescents drug addiction. Twelve articles were critically appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for qualitative studies and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. The results were synthesised using a thematic analysis.
Results: The findings identify that adolescents in addiction recovery face several challenges, including stigmatisation, social isolation, self-doubt, and difficulties accessing and maintaining treatment. The findings also point out that supportive relationships, culturally sensitive treatment approaches and interventions to combat self-stigma can play a critical role in promoting resilience and recovery for adolescents in recovery.
Conclusion: The comprehensive review brings us up to speed on the challenging experiences young people recovering from addiction in different addiction intervention go through, it underscores the importance of supportive relationships and encourages strengthening of interventions that mitigate against stigmatization.
DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2024/2.1310 View / Download Pdf